Proctoscopy 

Proctoscopy is an examination of the rectum using a special metal or plastic scope called a proctoscope. The rectum is the 8-inch muscular tube that connects the large intestine (colon) to the anus, the opening of the intestine that leads out of the body. Waste, or bowel movements, and gas pass out of the body through the anus.


Why Is Proctoscopy Done?

A proctoscopy may be performed to detect diseases of the rectum or anus, to evaluate abnormal results of a barium enema, or to look for causes of rectal bleeding. A proctoscopy also may be done to monitor the growth of polyps (benign growths on the lining of the intestine) or to check for a return of rectal cancer in people who have already had surgery to treat their cancer.


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Source: WebMD